Guest Post: Defending Activist Academics (TEU)

May 3rd 2011 at 1:34pm, By TEU

This guest post is by Sandra Grey, TEU President.

Earlier today Dave Guerin argued “when a researcher like [University of Otago's Professor] Doug Sellman heads up a partisan lobby group, he can’t be expected to be treated as a disinterested, or even altruistic, scientist. He has stepped into the political game and is just another lobbyist.”

This follows similar criticism of Professor Martin Thrupp by the Minister of Education. In both cases academics have engaged in public critique of government policies based on the results of their own research. In these, and many other cases, the actions lead to the integrity of the academics and their research being called into question.

The most common justification for involvement in public or political debate is the legislated ‘critic and conscience’ function of universities. This is about researchers deliberately and consciously arguing for social, political, or economic change. It is crucial for us all that academics are committed to playing a role in public debate. As Todd Bridgman stated (2007:137)

“In a radical and plural democracy the function of intellectuals is to articulate positions that challenge received wisdom and by doing so widen the scope for democratic debate”

Democratic debate and dissent requires the freedom to ‘think as you will and speak as you think’. This is indispensable to the discovery and spread of knowledge in academic disciplines, as well as in politics. And, while universities are not the only space in which knowledge, discovery and dissent can occur, a benefit for academics in universities is that they have time sanctioned (at least in theory) for the pursuit of knowledge and for open debate. We should want academics to use research findings to contribute to public debate.

Such assertions that there is space for academics to connect themselves to ‘a cause’ or ‘a campaign’ is frequently seen to be at odds with the principles of academic autonomy. This seems to be what Dave Guerin arguing. In a world shaped by politics and values being political does not equate to being unthinking or slavish to a political ideology. However, advocating for activism by university staff does mean discarding positivistic notions of objective research while maintaining a commitment to rigorous research.

Strong and rigorous research always has, and should continue to be, a sound basis for seeking social, political, and economic change. Think about the advocacy work of cancer researchers who showed through their research that the laws on smoking needed to change. The law changes have resulted in a decline of smoking related deaths. Good academic research, supported by academic activism can lead to important social and human progress.

Likening academics who advocate for change based on their rigorous and well-executed research to a lobby that is protecting their economic interests is an attack on academic freedom. Impugning academics’ credibility in this way is a worldwide problem that is convincing many academics that it is not worth their reputation to speak publicly on their area of expertise.

Eventually academics will stop speaking out publicly even if they have sound reason to – such as to save lives – and just keep their vision and knowledge to their own circles.

Academics need to form alliances, connections, and even at times, to become members of political and advocacy organisations and to combine this with their work inside education institutions. Provided we do not editorialise without making clear our standpoint, rigorous research carried out ‘for a cause’ is a legitimate form of knowledge generation. If New Zealanders want to take pride in being social innovators, such as our place as the first nation in the world to ‘grant’ women the vote, it is crucial that active citizenship is encouraged and celebrated.

18 Responses to Guest Post: Defending Activist Academics (TEU)

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Dave Guerin

May 3rd, 2011 at 2:02 pm

Thanks Sandra for the constructive post.

My problem isn’t with an academic using research to contribute to policy debates or simply becoming a political activist – I’m happy with both and think they enrich public discussions. But as the relative emphasis shifts from academia to activism (or any other role), one is judged by different criteria. You’re an academic but in your role as TEU president I wouldn’t dream of suggesting that you should provide peer-reviewed data to back all your media releases, as you’re primarily working in a political and industrial relations role, not in your academic specialty.

Similarly, Prof Doug Sellman, in his Alcohol Action role, put out a media release that differed not one jot from a hundred other lobby group releases in the last week. It had no strong academic basis, but was a piece of political rhetoric – and quite unlike the release that went out under Otago Uni’s name on the same research.

Any academic should participate in public debate whenever they like and to whatever ends, but that does not give them a free pass from criticism, nor would it be healthy to do so.

On your point that academics might stop speaking out, I can’t see that happening as I read about, and link to, hundreds of them speaking out on issues every month. And tens of them are activists for one issue or another.

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Eric Crampton

May 3rd, 2011 at 2:09 pm

I hope that the TEU would advocate as vehemently for academics doing advocacy subsequent to industry-funded work.

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JohnMacC

May 3rd, 2011 at 3:06 pm

“When the government is at odds with publically funded scientific experts we should all be very concerned that vested interests have captured the attention of key Ministers of the Crown” – says Doug Sellman.
Unless they’re actively misrepresenting the scientific evidence, I have absolutely no problem with elected politicians being at odds with the views of “scientific experts” whether publicly or privately funded.
Academics (including the subset of these who are actual scientific experts) often have far narrower interests and agendas than those that need to be balanced in making public policy.
In public health, the broader interests that get ignored can include people’s enjoyment of freedom of choice (about what to eat, whether to smoke etc), economic efficiency (targeting tax breaks on healthy stuff, vs a broad simple and flat tax base), etc.
Unfortunately, academics who cross over into political campaigns often become rather selective in the “science” they’re willing to admit into the debate (eg hence the distorted rubbish that masquerades as cost-benefit estimates of the cost of smoking).

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Stephen Day

May 3rd, 2011 at 3:23 pm

@Eric, I can’t think of any academics whose reputation have come under attack for advocating the interest of a specific industry or private company as a result of their research. That said, I think TEU’s defense of Prof Thrupp is analogous. He was criticised by the Minister for speaking out about research that he had been privately commissioned to do by an advocacy organisation (NZEI).

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Dave Guerin

May 3rd, 2011 at 3:45 pm

Stephen, I hope you’re not suggesting I attacked the reputation of an academic.

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Dave Guerin

May 3rd, 2011 at 3:53 pm

Stephen, my 4 April news post (link at end) had this exchange about research which was pretty feisty and challenged an Otago Uni academic more forcefully than I did.

“GM-Tourism Link Myth Exposed Otago Uni researchers (led by Assoc Prof Phil Knight) released a study showing that it was very unlikely that GM drought-resistant pasture would impact on tourism (NZPA – with some negative comments too). GE Free NZ said it was “chicanery at its worse (sic)” and suggested he consider resigning – and then put out another one asking for the raw data to be released and the report withdrawn. The Soil and Health Assn of NZ said the report was part of “a dirty tricks campaign” and claimed that Agmardt (an industry body) funded it. The Homepaddock blog supported the research.”
http://www.ed.co.nz/2011/04/04/news-44-%E2%80%93-dodgy-courses-gm-tourism-link-debate-couch-fires/

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Stephen Day

May 3rd, 2011 at 3:58 pm

No, but I am suggesting that criticising or dismissing academics who comment or agitate on their research does discourage many others from entering public debate.

My view is that you were just articulating a commonly held position about the boundaries between academia and political activism. Sandra articulated an opposing view. For me the problem is when people apply and extend the view you articulated to then attack academics, as was the case with Prof Thrupp.

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Natasha

May 3rd, 2011 at 4:09 pm

I do believe it is important for there to be academic involvement/input in the public arena on issues of public interest. The trend for (sponsored) ‘expert’ opinion in financial news media is an example of where academic opinion is largely ignored/absent/unpalatable(?).

However, I think some academics that express partisan opinions are so far down a particular path they’re very much unaware/unaccepting of what else is out there. And, as such, are bewildered by any contrary opinions or that no one is willing to listen.

In saying that, it does seem as though Governments speak of the need for research-based policy, but in my opinion, they tend to seek from research the answers they want rather than need.

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Darel

May 3rd, 2011 at 5:13 pm

Is Doug Sellman’s Alcohol Action group actually partisan? If I look at the 5+ solutions I think I see social conservatism. But on this issue I’m not convinced that is linked to right or left parties. The more libertarian parties (Act & Greens) might be less happy with Alcohol Action’s positions but there are strong conservative/ pro-control elements in National and Labour that would support Alcohol Action’s positions.

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Sandra Grey

May 4th, 2011 at 7:53 am

Dave is right, as TEU president, I speak as an advocate for staff in the tertiary sector and the information I use in my role is not backed up by peer reviewed research. However, my peer reviewed academic research as a political scientist informs comments I make publicallly on issues around citizen engagement in politics. On this basis I would argue that open public debate has in recent years been stymied by attacks on those who dare to speak out, including any academics who engage in public debate. And international research does seem to indicate – as Natasha pointed out – that governments of all political inclintations ignoring ‘good evidence’ and ‘rigorous research’ unless it backs up their pre-existing plans.

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Dave Guerin

May 4th, 2011 at 10:11 am

Sandra, my view is that the academic cloak is very relevant when a person is directly drawing upon their research and scholarship, but if they have moved beyond that into essentially political activity, then they have the same rights of free speech as everyone else, but can hardly pull out an academic freedom card if they get criticised. It is unreasonable for a person to make a political statement and then try to claim that their statements and motivations are above debate because of academic freedom. But I guess the arguments have been well discussed and I thank you again for extending the debate.

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Darel

May 5th, 2011 at 5:43 am

Dave, what’s the status with Doug’s group? Sandra’s quote has you saying that his group is partisan therefore some consequences flow. Is it partisan?

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Dave Guerin

May 5th, 2011 at 9:15 am

Darel, I don’t see partisan as linking to a party. A definition I found largely fits what I meant: Devoted to or biased in support of a party, group, or cause: eg partisan politics.

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Wellington.scoop.co.nz » TEU Tertiary Update Vol 14 No 15

May 5th, 2011 at 1:01 pm

[...] worth their reputation to speak publicly on their area of expertise.” TEU national president Sandra Grey takes a public stand in favour of academics taking public [...]

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auckland.scoop.co.nz » TEU Tertiary Update Vol 14 No 15

May 5th, 2011 at 1:02 pm

[...] worth their reputation to speak publicly on their area of expertise.” TEU national president Sandra Grey takes a public stand in favour of academics taking public [...]

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John Parkinson

May 11th, 2011 at 8:32 pm

Dave, I support everything that Sandra says here. Your argument is founded on a rather limited understanding of “politics”, and more dangerous than you acknowledge. There are two main points to make.

First, politics is what happens when interests conflict; when our ideas of the good life or what to do with collective resources pull in different directions. Those things become “causes”; groups coalesce around them; and they use knowledge, values and beliefs to advance or undermine those causes.

Thus, knowledge IS political, in the sense that it backs up or undermines views on how to distribute resources; or the nature of public goods and public experience; or is a tool to be used in power games; and so on.

So, scholars – who generate knowledge, which is intimately bound up in politics – CANNOT be apolitical in anything other than a trivial sense. Sure, they need to be careful; they have more responsibility than most to ensure that their public claims are backed by evidence. But your response to Darel presupposes that such a separation is possible – it is not. That is the point that Stephen Day was trying to make to you.

This is beyond the fact that publicly funded scholars SHOULD be engaging in public debate on how public resources are spent. That is part of what they are for!

Please, rethink this.

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Dave Guerin

May 12th, 2011 at 9:34 am

Thanks for the input John. I’m happy to be challenged, but I did find your post a little condescending – it is entirely possible for reasonable people to disagree, as Sandra and I had already done.

I think you have misinterpreted my approach. I would agree with you that everything can be seen as political, but that wasn’t the thrust of my argument. My main point was that when someone acts as an activist participating in the formal political process (as opposed to the politics inherent in everything), it is reasonable for others in the public debate to judge them how they would any other activist.

I’m not seeking to limit what academics do and have no power to do so. I’m not seeking to have any limits on academic freedom or curtail anyone’s employment. What I am saying is if someone heads up a lobby group and acts much like any other lobbyist, then I’ll respond to them in that way, regardless of whether they also happen to be an academic, a mechanic or a lawyer. You obviously disagree with that, but my argument is a reasonable one and I can’t see any particular dangers in it, and nor have you named any.

I’m not sure why you started the argument about the use of public resources, as no-one has raised this to date in this thread.

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TEU saves Waikato arts jobs | TEU - Tertiary Education Union

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[...] worth their reputation to speak publicly on their area of expertise.” TEU national president Sandra Greytakes a public stand in favour of academics taking public [...]

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